TED-ED: What happens when you have a concussion? - Clifford Robbins

In the U.S., 2.5 to 4 million concussions occur annually in sports. Concussions result from the brain's response to sudden impacts, causing neuron damage and symptoms like headaches and memory issues. Most concussions heal with rest, but myths about sleep post-injury persist. Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) can cause long-term issues if not managed properly. Sub-concussive impacts, common in sports like soccer, can lead to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disease linked to tau protein clumping. Many concussions go unreported, highlighting the need for awareness and protection.

What is the primary cause of a concussion?

• A sudden jolt causing the brain to shift and hit the skull

• A gradual buildup of stress in the brain

• An increase in brain temperature

• A lack of oxygen to the brain

Which of the following is a common myth about concussions?

• You should avoid loud noises after a concussion

• You should rest and gradually return to activity

• You should not sleep after a concussion

• You should avoid bright lights after a concussion

What is Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)?

• A condition that only affects professional athletes

• A condition that occurs immediately after a concussion

• A condition where concussion symptoms persist for a long time

• A condition that causes immediate memory loss

What is a sub-concussive impact?

• A severe concussion with immediate symptoms

• An impact that causes immediate loss of consciousness

• A mild impact that doesn't cause noticeable symptoms immediately

• An impact that only affects the outer layer of the brain

What is the role of tau proteins in CTE?

• They increase brain activity

• They repair damaged neurons

• They support microtubules but can clump together after repeated impacts

• They prevent concussions

What percentage of concussions among football players go unreported?

• 90% to 100%

• 50% to 80%

• 30% to 40%

• 10% to 20%

What is the effect of repeated sub-concussive hits on the brain?

• They can lead to degenerative brain diseases like CTE

• They improve brain function

• They only affect short-term memory

• They have no long-term effects