Fasting State in Liver

The video explores liver metabolism, focusing on the fasted state. It explains how the liver maintains blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and ketone body production. The role of glucagon in signaling these processes is highlighted. Fat metabolism involves beta oxidation, while amino acid oxidation focuses on non-essential amino acids. The video also covers the regulation of pyruvate and the synthesis of ketone bodies, providing a comprehensive understanding of liver function during fasting.

What are the two primary states of liver metabolism discussed in the video?

• Fasted and Fed states

• Glycolytic and Oxidative states

• Anabolic and Catabolic states

• Aerobic and Anaerobic states

Which hormone is primarily responsible for signaling the liver to perform gluconeogenesis during fasting?

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Adrenaline

• Cortisol

What is the role of cyclic AMP in fat metabolism during the fasted state?

• Inhibits protein kinase A

• Activates protein kinase A

• Converts glucose to glycogen

• Stimulates insulin release

During beta oxidation, what is one of the main products generated that powers the respiratory chain?

• Glucose

• Pyruvate

• Reduced Coenzyme Q

• Lactate

How does the liver primarily derive its energy during the fasted state?

• Glycolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Protein synthesis

• Beta oxidation

Which type of amino acids are primarily oxidized in the liver during the fasted state?

• Essential amino acids

• Non-essential amino acids

• Aromatic amino acids

• Branched-chain amino acids

What is the fate of ammonia produced during amino acid oxidation?

• Converted to glucose

• Excreted as urea

• Stored as glycogen

• Used in protein synthesis

What is the primary purpose of ketone body synthesis in the liver during fasting?

• To synthesize new proteins

• To increase blood glucose levels

• To provide energy to extrahepatic tissues

• To store energy as fat

Which of the following is NOT a ketone body produced by the liver?

• Pyruvate

• Acetone

• Beta-hydroxybutyrate

• Acetoacetate

What happens to the acetyl CoA produced during beta oxidation in the fasted state?

• It enters the TCA cycle

• It is stored as glycogen

• It is converted to glucose

• It is used for ketone body synthesis