Aminoglycosides | Bacterial Targets, Mechanism of Action, Side Effects

This video lesson covers aminoglycoside antibiotics, focusing on their naming conventions, bacterial targets, clinical applications, mechanism of action, and adverse reactions. Aminoglycosides are used primarily for gram-negative aerobic bacilli and are administered intravenously. They are often combined with other antibiotics for serious infections but can be used alone for tularemia and the plague. The mechanism involves binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to a bacteriocidal effect. Adverse reactions include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, with specific contraindications for patients with neuromuscular disorders.

Which of the following is NOT an aminoglycoside?

• Amikacin

• Erythromycin

• Gentamicin

• Streptomycin

Aminoglycosides are primarily used against which type of bacteria?

• Gram-positive anaerobes

• Gram-positive aerobes

• Gram-negative anaerobes

• Gram-negative aerobic bacilli

For which of the following infections can aminoglycosides be used as monotherapy?

• Pneumonia

• Complicated UTIs

• Tularemia

• Infective endocarditis

What is the primary mechanism by which aminoglycosides exert their bactericidal effect?

• Disruption of DNA replication

• Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

• Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

• Binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

What is the post-antibiotic effect of aminoglycosides?

• Complete eradication of bacteria

• Increased bacterial growth after antibiotic removal

• Immediate bacterial resistance development

• Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after antibiotic removal

Which adverse effect is associated with aminoglycoside use?

• Neurotoxicity

• Cardiotoxicity

• Hepatotoxicity

• Ototoxicity

Which condition is a contraindication for aminoglycoside use?

• Asthma

• Myasthenia gravis

• Diabetes

• Hypertension