Vancomycin | Bacterial Targets, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects

The video tutorial covers vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, discussing its properties, bacterial targets, mechanism of action, and adverse reactions. Vancomycin is primarily used against gram-positive bacteria, notably MRSA and C. difficile. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, but resistance can occur through binding site alterations. Adverse reactions include Redman syndrome, nephrotoxicity, and autotoxicity. The tutorial concludes with a call to action for viewers to subscribe and explore more lessons.

Which of the following bacteria is a primary target for vancomycin treatment?

• Klebsiella pneumoniae

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• MRSA

• Escherichia coli

How does vancomycin inhibit bacterial growth?

• By interfering with RNA transcription

• By inhibiting protein synthesis

• By disrupting DNA replication

• By binding to D-Ala-D-Ala and preventing cell wall synthesis

What is a common mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance to vancomycin?

• Altering the D-Ala-D-Ala binding site to D-Ala-D-Lac

• Modifying ribosomal RNA

• Increasing efflux pump activity

• Producing beta-lactamase enzymes

What is Redman syndrome, a potential side effect of vancomycin?

• A condition characterized by severe diarrhea

• A syndrome causing red discoloration of the skin

• A type of kidney damage

• A form of hearing loss

Which of the following is a known adverse effect of vancomycin related to its renal excretion?

• Nephrotoxicity

• Cardiotoxicity

• Neurotoxicity

• Hepatotoxicity