Bone tissue formation

The video tutorial by Nicole from Kenhub explores the histology of bone formation, focusing on two types: intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into osteoblasts, which secrete osteoid that calcifies into bone. Endochondral ossification starts with a hyaline cartilage mold that ossifies into bone, with distinct zones in the epiphyseal plate. Clinical conditions like rickets and achondroplasia are discussed, highlighting the importance of vitamin D and genetic factors in bone health.

What is the primary function of bone marrow?

• To regulate body temperature

• To store fat

• To produce blood cells

• To provide structural support

Which type of ossification involves the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells?

• Chondral ossification

• Endochondral ossification

• Intramembranous ossification

• Periosteal ossification

What is the role of osteoblasts in bone formation?

• They form cartilage

• They break down bone tissue

• They secrete and calcify osteoid

• They transport nutrients

What is the initial step in endochondral ossification?

• Calcification of the bone matrix

• Formation of a cartilaginous mold

• Differentiation of osteoclasts

• Formation of a bone collar

Which zone in the epiphyseal plate is most active during childhood?

• Zone of maturation

• Zone of calcified cartilage

• Zone of proliferation

• Zone of reserve cartilage

What deficiency causes rickets?

• Vitamin C

• Iron

• Vitamin D

• Calcium

What is the genetic cause of achondroplasia?

• Mutation in the collagen gene

• Excessive calcium intake

• Deficiency of vitamin D

• Mutation in the FGFR-3 gene

Which type of bone formation is primarily affected in achondroplasia?

• Endochondral ossification

• Intramembranous ossification

• Periosteal ossification

• Chondral ossification

What is the main characteristic of dwarfism caused by achondroplasia?

• Increased bone density

• Shortened flat bones

• Normal flat bones with shortened long bones

• Excessive bone growth

What are the two types of bone formation discussed in the tutorial?

• Primary and secondary ossification

• Cortical and trabecular ossification

• Periosteal and chondral ossification

• Intramembranous and endochondral ossification