The Pathophysiology of Hypertension

The video tutorial explains cardiac output, its calculation using heart rate and stroke volume, and its role in determining blood pressure. It discusses peripheral resistance and its impact on hypertension, highlighting the role of sympathetic activity and arterial constriction. The renin-angiotensin system is detailed, showing how it affects vasoconstriction and blood volume. The tutorial concludes by explaining how these factors contribute to increased blood pressure and the cycle of hypertension.

What two factors are used to calculate cardiac output?

• Stroke volume and blood pressure

• Heart rate and blood pressure

• Peripheral resistance and stroke volume

• Heart rate and stroke volume

How is blood pressure calculated?

• By multiplying heart rate by stroke volume

• By adding cardiac output and peripheral resistance

• By multiplying cardiac output by peripheral resistance

• By subtracting peripheral resistance from cardiac output

What is the main cause of increased blood pressure in hypertension?

• Decreased stroke volume

• Increased cardiac output

• Decreased heart rate

• Increased peripheral resistance

What triggers the release of renin from the kidneys?

• Decreased peripheral resistance

• Increased cardiac output

• Decreased blood flow to the kidneys

• Increased blood flow to the kidneys

What is the role of angiotensin II in the body?

• It decreases blood pressure

• It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor

• It increases heart rate

• It reduces peripheral resistance

What effect does aldosterone have on the body?

• It decreases blood volume

• It increases water excretion

• It decreases sodium reabsorption

• It increases sodium and water reabsorption

How does increased blood volume affect cardiac output?

• It increases cardiac output

• It decreases cardiac output

• It decreases peripheral resistance

• It has no effect on cardiac output