The Prokaryotic Cell

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, the oldest and most primitive type of cells, appearing about 3.5 billion years ago. They include Archaea and bacteria. Prokaryotic cells have a semi-permeable plasma membrane controlling material flow. Small molecules pass through easily, while larger ones do not. The cytoplasm, mostly water, hosts chemical reactions and contains ribosomes for protein synthesis. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, having a nucleoid region with a single circular chromosome and plasmids. They have a cell wall for structure and a capsule for surface attachment. Some possess a flagellum for movement.

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

• To provide energy for the cell

• To control the flow of materials in and out of the cell

• To store genetic material

• To synthesize proteins

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?

• It is responsible for protein synthesis

• It is a jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions occur

• It is a rigid structure that provides support

• It contains the cell's genetic material

What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

• To control the flow of materials in and out of the cell

• To store water and nutrients

• To synthesize proteins

• To provide structural support

Where is the genetic material located in prokaryotic cells?

• In the nucleoid region

• In the plasma membrane

• In the ribosomes

• In the nucleus

What is the function of the flagellum in some prokaryotic cells?

• To control the flow of materials

• To help the cell move

• To store genetic material

• To synthesize proteins