Toypurina: Rebelling Against the Mission System

Toypurina, a Tongva woman born in 1760, faced the imposition of Spanish colonial rule and Christianity. As a respected medicine woman, she led a rebellion against the Spanish, who had converted many Tongva to Catholicism. Despite being captured and tried, Toypurina's defiance made her a symbol of indigenous resistance. Her legacy continues to inspire advocacy for indigenous rights.

In what ways is Toypurina remembered today?

What other methods have indigenous peoples used to advocate for their rights in U.S. history?