Monitoring Climate Change and Exploring the Universe

The European Space Agency has launched two distinct satellites: MSG ONE and Integral. MSG ONE is the largest Earth observational satellite, designed to provide early warnings on climate and temperature changes. Integral, on the other hand, focuses on observing gamma ray emissions to study black holes and supernovae. Despite a recent launch failure with a different vehicle, Integral was successfully launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. MSG ONE, equipped with SEVERI and GERB instruments, aims to enhance weather forecasting by measuring solar radiation and capturing Earth images.

What challenges did the European Space Agency face prior to the launch of the satellites?

Describe the role of the meteorological instruments SEVERI and GERB on the MSG ONE satellite.