Bronchioles and alveoli

The video tutorial explores the anatomy of the lungs, focusing on the bronchial tree, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains the pathway of air from the mouth to the alveoli, detailing the structure and function of each component. The tutorial also covers the nervous and vascular systems associated with the lungs, including the role of the pulmonary artery and veins. A clinical scenario of segmental atelectasis is discussed, highlighting the impact of blockages in the bronchial tree. The video concludes with a review of the key concepts covered.

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• To support lung structure

• To filter dust particles

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce mucus

How many lobes does the right lung have?

• Four

• Two

• One

• Three

What is the role of terminal bronchioles?

• To produce surfactant

• To exchange gases

• To filter blood

• To conduct air to the alveoli

Which type of pneumocyte is responsible for secreting surfactant?

• Type I pneumocytes

• Bronchial epithelial cells

• Alveolar macrophages

• Type II pneumocytes

What is the function of alveolar macrophages?

• To secrete mucus

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce surfactant

• To patrol and remove foreign particles

Which structure allows for air movement between adjacent alveoli?

• Bronchioles

• Capillaries

• Pores of Kohn

• Alveolar ducts

Which nervous system fibers cause bronchodilation?

• Central nervous system fibers

• Peripheral nervous system fibers

• Parasympathetic fibers

• Sympathetic fibers

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

• Oxygenated blood

• Deoxygenated blood

• Carbon dioxide-rich blood

• Nutrient-rich blood

What is segmental atelectasis?

• Inflammation of the bronchi

• Blockage of the trachea

• Overexpansion of alveoli

• Collapse of a lung segment

What is the role of the bronchial arteries?

• To remove carbon dioxide from the blood

• To supply oxygen and nutrients to the lung tissues

• To transport deoxygenated blood to the heart

• To carry oxygenated blood to the alveoli