High Ankle Sprains | Anatomy, Presentation, Diagnosis, & Treatment Basics

The video tutorial covers the diagnosis and treatment of high ankle sprains, focusing on the anatomy of the ankle, the ligaments involved, and the mechanisms of injury. It explains the symptoms and diagnostic tests, including the external rotation and syndesmotic squeeze tests. Treatment options vary based on the severity of the sprain, with minor sprains managed conservatively and major sprains potentially requiring surgery. Criteria for returning to sport include passing the hopping test and ensuring no significant widening of the ankle mortise.

What is the primary joint involved in a high ankle sprain?

• Talocrural joint

• Subtalar joint

• Hip joint

• Knee joint

Which ligaments are primarily affected in a high ankle sprain?

• Anterior cruciate ligament

• Medial collateral ligament

• Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

• Lateral collateral ligament

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a high ankle sprain?

• Hyperextension

• Inversion

• Direct impact

• Excessive external rotation

What symptom is typically associated with a high ankle sprain?

• Pain in the hip

• Inability to bear weight

• Numbness in the toes

• Swelling in the knee

Why does dorsiflexion cause pain in a high ankle sprain?

• It widens the ankle mortise

• It compresses the talus

• It rotates the fibula

• It stretches the Achilles tendon

What is the purpose of the external rotation test?

• To test hip rotation

• To evaluate knee stability

• To measure ankle flexibility

• To assess pain in the anterolateral ankle

What does a positive syndesmotic squeeze test indicate?

• Foot fracture

• High ankle sprain

• Knee sprain

• Hip dislocation

What is the initial treatment protocol for a minor high ankle sprain?

• Medication

• Physical therapy

• Surgery

• RICE protocol

What is a key criterion for returning to sports after a high ankle sprain?

• Running a mile

• Lifting weights

• Swimming 500 meters

• Passing the hopping test

What does significant widening of the ankle mortise indicate?

• Fracture

• No injury

• Minor sprain

• Major sprain