Astronomy’s Unsung Hero is a Plain Ol’ Aluminum Ball

The Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 (LCS-1), launched in 1965, is a simple aluminum sphere used for calibrating scientific instruments in space. Despite its simplicity, LCS-1 has played a crucial role in radar calibration and astronomy, helping scientists measure the Moon's surface and study Earth's atmosphere. Over the decades, LCS-1 has experienced wear but remains useful for tracking space debris and exploring future applications in space exploration.

What was the primary purpose of the Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 (LCS-1)?

What challenges do scientists face when calibrating instruments without a reference like LCS?

How does the LCS-1 contribute to the field of astronomy?

Describe the significance of the LCS's spherical shape in its function.

What findings were reported by astronomers in 1966 regarding the Moon using LCS?

How has the condition of LCS changed over the years, according to studies?

In what innovative ways have scientists proposed to use calibration satellites in the future?