US government food rationing during World War I food panic

During World War One, the United States learned that volunteer-based rationing of scarce commodities led to chaos and black market issues. This necessitated government intervention to establish emergency food lines to distribute food to the populace, who faced hardships due to these inefficiencies.

What measures were taken to address the hardships faced by the populace?

What factors contributed to the hardships experienced by the populace?