What is Sound?

Sound waves are created by vibrations transferring energy to surrounding particles, forming mechanical waves that travel through matter but not a vacuum. Sound is a longitudinal wave, with pitch determined by frequency and loudness by amplitude. Vibrations reach our ears, causing bones to vibrate and convert movement into electrical signals for the brain.

What is amplitude and how does it relate to the loudness of a sound?

Describe the process by which sound vibrations are converted into electrical signals in our ears.