Fundamentals of Genetics: Probability

The video tutorial explains the concept of probability using a coin toss example and extends it to genetics, where probability helps predict genetic cross outcomes. It introduces Punnett squares as a tool for predicting traits in offspring, using peapod color as an example. The tutorial details the possible genotypes and phenotypes resulting from a cross between heterozygous parents, emphasizing that while probability indicates possible outcomes, it does not guarantee them.

What is the expected phenotype ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents?

Why is it important to understand that probability does not guarantee outcomes in genetic crosses?