Sapphires: A Fair Trade?

In the early 1990s, Ilakaka's population surged from under 50 to nearly 60,000 due to a sapphire mine discovery. However, mining in Madagascar is perilous, with unsafe conditions leading to frequent fatalities. Despite the mine's $30 million annual value, miners earn just $1.50 daily. The gem market is dominated by foreign dealers, leaving Malagasy people impoverished as wealth exits the country. The local population sees little benefit from the sapphire rush beneath their feet.

What was the population of the town in the early 1990s?

What discovery led to the population explosion in the town?

Describe the dangers faced by miners in Madagascar.

What is the approximate annual value of sapphire production in Ilakaka?

How do the local miners benefit from the sapphire mining industry?