The Mathematics of Cryptography

The video tutorial introduces cryptography, starting with the Caesar Cipher and its simplicity. It then explains the Vigenère Cipher and its vulnerabilities to frequency analysis. The tutorial delves into number theory, discussing congruence and modulo operations, and introduces Euler's theorem. Finally, it covers the Diffie-Hellman Protocol, a method for secure key exchange over public channels.

What does it mean for two numbers to be relatively prime?

What is the relationship between prime numbers and Euler's totient function?

Explain Euler's theorem in the context of number theory.

How does the Diffie-Hellman Protocol work for key exchange?