The video discusses the impact of the 2008-2009 Great Recession and the subsequent technological changes in financial markets. It highlights the challenges faced by regulators like the SEC in keeping up with innovations and questions the adequacy of outdated market rules. The discussion also covers the lack of transparency in stock markets due to dark pools and other non-transparent trading venues.

What significant economic event occurred in 2008 and 2009?

What challenges do regulators face in keeping up with technological changes?

How have the markets changed since the last update of the rules in 2005?

What is the current state of trading in the stock market regarding transparency?

What steps have been suggested to update the markets for the 2020s?