Mars Gravity Map

Scientists are developing new methods to mine data, including mapping Mars' gravity field using satellite data. NASA's team at Goddard Space Flight Center has used orbital data to create a detailed gravity map of Mars, revealing features like low gravity canyons and high gravity mountains. This map helps estimate Mars' crustal thickness and confirms a molten outer core. It also shows seasonal changes in the polar caps' mass, with significant carbon dioxide cycling. The gravity map will aid future missions by improving orbital precision.

What seasonal variations were revealed by the orbital data regarding Mars' polar caps?

How might the new gravity map assist future missions to Mars?