Veins of the thorax

This tutorial explores the veins of the thorax, focusing on the superior vena cava, tracheal veins, azygous venous system, pulmonary veins, esophageal veins, internal thoracic veins, cardiac veins, and superior intercostal veins. It highlights the anatomy, function, and interconnections of these veins, emphasizing the unique roles of pulmonary veins in carrying oxygenated blood and the clinical significance of esophageal veins in portal hypertension.

What structures drain into the superior vena cava?

Describe the function of the tracheal veins.

What is the azygous venous system and what does it drain?

Explain the difference between the accessory hemiazygos vein and the hemiazygos vein.

What is the significance of the pulmonary veins?

How do the esophageal veins drain and where do they lead?

Discuss the clinical significance of the esophageal veins in relation to portal hypertension.

What are the internal thoracic veins and how do they relate to the internal thoracic arteries?

Identify the three main cardiac veins and their functions.

What role do the superior intercostal veins play in the venous system?