Understanding Mass Numbers, Atomic Numbers, Isotopes, and Counting Particles in Atoms

The video tutorial explains the structure of atoms, focusing on protons, neutrons, and electrons. It describes how elements are defined by their atomic numbers and introduces isotopes, which are variations of elements with different numbers of neutrons. The concept of ionization is discussed, explaining how atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions. The tutorial also covers how to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms and ions, using aluminium as an example.

What happens to an atom when it gains or loses electrons?

Describe the process of ionization and its effect on an atom's charge.

How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope?