The video uses a kitchen analogy to explain how cells produce proteins based on DNA instructions. RNA acts as a messenger, but also plays roles in reverse transcription and RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi prevents unwanted protein expression by slicing mRNA. This process was discovered in petunias and C. elegans, leading to its use in research and potential medical applications, such as targeting cancer genes.

What role does RNA play in the process of protein synthesis within cells?

Explain the process of RNA interference (RNAi) and its significance in cellular functions.

What are the steps involved in the process of RISC targeting mRNA for degradation?

How did scientists first discover the phenomenon of RNA interference in petunias?

Discuss the potential therapeutic applications of RNAi in medicine.