The Wrong Guy Won

In 1936, Literary Digest predicted Republican Alf Landon would win the U.S. presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, their survey was flawed due to a biased sample, as it was drawn from magazine subscribers and telephone owners, who were predominantly wealthy and Republican-leaning. This led to an inaccurate prediction, as Roosevelt won by a landslide. The error highlighted the importance of proper sampling methods in surveys.

In what way was the sample used by Literary Digest biased?

What was the actual outcome of the 1936 presidential election compared to Literary Digest's prediction?