Crystals in Caves

The video explains how caves are formed over thousands of years by rainwater that absorbs carbon dioxide, creating carbonic acid. This acid dissolves limestone, forming caves. Water in these caves dissolves calcium, leading to crystal formation through nucleation. Stalagmites and stalactites are common formations in these caves, which may remain undiscovered for thousands of years.

What process does rainwater undergo to form carbonic acid?

Describe how limestone rock is dissolved to create caves.

What is nucleation and how does it relate to crystal formation?

Explain the conditions necessary for calcite crystals to grow.

What are stalagmites and stalactites, and how do they form?