The Landscape of Antarctica

Antarctica holds 61% of Earth's freshwater in its vast ice sheets. Despite its cold climate, it supports diverse life in its oxygen-rich waters. The continent features unique valleys with catabatic winds that can reach high speeds, causing ice to evaporate. These valleys are of great interest to geologists and biologists due to their ancient rock layers and unique ecosystems. The Ice Age left a significant impact, with ice from the Ross Sea pushing inland. Lake Vander, with its salty bottom and pure upper layers, is a notable feature. Antarctica plays a crucial role in Earth's climate system, influencing ocean currents and contributing to rising sea levels.

Explain the significance of Lake Vander's salinity compared to ocean water.

How does Antarctica influence the Earth's climatic system and sea levels?