Describe an advanced data structure : Efficiently Counting Subarrays with a Given Sum

The video tutorial explains how to count subarrays with a given sum using prefix sums. It starts with an introduction to the problem, followed by a naive solution and an efficient solution using prefix sums. The algorithm is explained in detail, and the implementation is demonstrated with tests to verify the solution. The tutorial also references a similar modulus problem from a previous section.

How does the algorithm ensure that it counts all valid subarrays that sum to the given number?

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What steps are taken to update the prefix sum counts dictionary during the algorithm?

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