TED-Ed: Why don't "tough" and "dough" rhyme? | Arika Okrent

The video explores the complexity of English spelling, starting with the Scripps National Spelling Bee and the challenges of English irregularities. It delves into the historical influences on English, including the Germanic tribes, Roman missionaries, and the Norman invasion, which introduced French and Latin elements. The arrival of the printing press in 1476 further complicated spelling standardization. The Great Vowel Shift between the 14th and 18th centuries significantly altered vowel pronunciations, contributing to the complexity of English spelling today.

What age range do contestants in the Scripps National Spelling Bee fall under?

What is the significance of the phrase 'GHOTI' in the context of English spelling?

How did the Norman invasion of 1066 influence the English language?

What role did the printing press play in the standardization of English spelling?

Describe the Great Vowel Shift and its impact on English pronunciation.

What are some examples of words that have undergone significant changes in pronunciation over time?

In what ways does the complexity of English spelling present challenges for non-native speakers?