Sprites, Jets, and Glowing Balls: The Science of Lightning

Lightning is a complex and fascinating natural phenomenon involving the buildup and release of electric charge. It occurs in various forms, including cloud-to-ground strikes, intra-cloud, and inter-cloud lightning. The process begins with charge separation in storm clouds, leading to the formation of an electric field. Negative lightning is the most common, while positive lightning is rarer and more powerful. Unique types of lightning, such as red sprites and blue jets, occur under specific conditions. Ball lightning remains a mystery, with theories suggesting it involves soil elements or glass. Understanding lightning involves appreciating the intricate physics behind these spectacular events.

Describe the phenomenon of red sprites and how they are formed.

What theories exist regarding the cause of ball lightning?