What Shapes Do Simple Molecules Make

The video tutorial explains the 3D nature of molecules, focusing on electron pair repulsion theory. It covers the tetrahedral shape of methane (CH4) and ammonium ion (NH4+), both having four bonding pairs. The tutorial then discusses ammonia (NH3), which has a pyramidal shape due to one lone pair, reducing the bond angle to 107 degrees. Finally, it examines water (H2O), which has two lone pairs, creating a bent shape with a bond angle of 104 degrees. The video emphasizes how lone pair repulsion affects molecular geometry.

How do lone pairs of electrons influence the molecular geometry of ammonia compared to methane?

What is the significance of the bond angle in determining the shape of a molecule, particularly in the case of water?