The video tutorial explains two application layer protocols, DHCP and DNS, which operate over UDP due to the limited number of packets exchanged between client and server. It details the packet exchange process in DHCP and DNS, highlighting the simplicity and efficiency of these protocols. The tutorial further explores the DNS process, including how DNS servers handle requests and resolve domain names through various name servers. The video concludes with a discussion on the necessity and functionality of DNS in network communication.

What is the role of the DNS server in relation to client requests?

What types of DNS servers are mentioned in the text?