TED-ED: The great brain debate - Ted Altschuler

In 1861, scientists Aubertin and Gratiolet debated brain function models: localistic vs. distributed. Phrenology, popularized by Gall, supported localism but lacked scientific testing. Flourens challenged it, favoring distributed functions. Broca's findings on speech disorders revived localism. Wernicke introduced a connectionist model, explaining complex language disorders. Modern neuroscience reveals a complex brain, integrating both models for understanding cognition.

What did Carl Wernicke propose regarding the connection between speech production and comprehension?

How has modern neuroscience changed our understanding of the brain compared to the models proposed by Gratiolet and Aubertin?

In what ways do different types of memory function, and how are they represented in the brain?