TED-ED: The great brain debate - Ted Altschuler

In 1861, scientists Aubertin and Gratiolet debated brain function models: localistic vs. distributed. Phrenology, popularized by Gall, supported localism but lacked scientific testing. Flourens challenged it, favoring distributed functions. Broca's findings on speech disorders revived localism. Wernicke introduced a connectionist model, explaining complex language disorders. Modern neuroscience reveals a complex brain, integrating both models for understanding cognition.

What did Carl Wernicke propose regarding the connection between speech production and comprehension?

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How has modern neuroscience changed our understanding of the brain compared to the models proposed by Gratiolet and Aubertin?

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In what ways do different types of memory function, and how are they represented in the brain?

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