مرحلة الخلاف بين محمد على والسلطان العثمانى

The video explores the conflicts between Muhammad Ali and the Ottoman Sultan, focusing on the annexation of Sudan and the Syrian Wars. Muhammad Ali's expansionist policies led to Egyptian influence in Sudan and the Levant, causing tensions with the Ottoman Empire. The video also discusses the European intervention aimed at limiting Muhammad Ali's power to maintain the international balance of power.

What were the main reasons behind Muhammad Ali's annexation of Sudan?

• To gain control over the Red Sea

• Political, economic, and military reasons

• To establish a trade route to Europe

• Cultural and religious reasons

What was a significant result of Muhammad Ali's annexation of Sudan?

• Establishment of the city of Khartoum

• Discovery of oil reserves

• Formation of a new alliance with the Ottoman Empire

• Construction of the Suez Canal

Why did the Syrian Wars begin?

• Direct negotiations with European powers by Muhammad Ali

• Muhammad Ali's refusal to pay taxes to the Ottoman Sultan

• A rebellion in the Egyptian army

• A dispute over trade routes

What was the outcome of the First and Second Syrian Wars?

• Egyptian forces were defeated and retreated

• Muhammad Ali was overthrown

• Egyptian forces reached Syria and the upper Euphrates

• A peace treaty was signed with the Ottoman Sultan

Why did European powers intervene against Muhammad Ali?

• To support his expansion

• To gain control over Egyptian territories

• To assist in his negotiations with the Ottoman Sultan

• To prevent the disruption of the international balance of power