Chemical Bonds and Stability: The Octet Rule Explained

The video tutorial explains the octet rule, which states that atoms are chemically stable when their outer shell contains 8 electrons. It describes how atoms can achieve this stability by forming covalent bonds, where they share electrons, or ionic bonds, where they transfer electrons. The tutorial uses carbon and hydrogen to illustrate covalent bonding and sodium and chlorine to demonstrate ionic bonding, resulting in the formation of sodium chloride, or table salt.

What is the octet rule in chemistry?

• Atoms are stable with 8 protons in their nucleus.

• Atoms are stable with 8 electrons in their outer shell.

• Atoms are stable with 8 bonds.

• Atoms are stable with 8 neutrons in their nucleus.

Which element is an exception to the octet rule?

• Carbon

• Nitrogen

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

How does a covalent bond form?

• By sharing protons between atoms.

• By transferring electrons from one atom to another.

• By transferring protons from one atom to another.

• By sharing electrons between atoms.

How many electrons does carbon need to share to achieve a stable configuration?

• 6

• 2

• 4

• 8

What is the main characteristic of an ionic bond?

• Sharing of electrons between atoms.

• Attraction between oppositely charged ions.

• Sharing of protons between atoms.

• Attraction between similarly charged ions.

What happens to sodium when it loses an electron?

• It gains a neutron.

• It becomes negatively charged.

• It becomes neutral.

• It becomes positively charged.

What is formed when sodium and chlorine ions attract each other?

• Sodium chloride

• Sodium carbonate

• Sodium sulfate

• Sodium hydroxide

What is another name for sodium chloride?

• Baking soda

• Table salt

• Sugar

• Vinegar