Atoms Ions Isotopes and Mass Numbers Explained

Professor Adam explains the structure of atoms, focusing on protons, neutrons, and electrons. He discusses the atomic number, which identifies an element, and the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. The video covers isotopes, which are variations of elements with different neutron counts, and ions, which are charged atoms due to electron gain or loss. The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic numbers, and atomic mass is an average based on isotopic abundance. Examples include lithium and carbon isotopes.

What determines the identity of an atom?

• The number of electrons

• The number of neutrons

• The number of isotopes

• The number of protons

What is the atomic number of lithium?

• 2

• 5

• 4

• 3

How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

• Multiply the number of protons by neutrons

• Add the number of protons and neutrons

• Subtract the number of neutrons from protons

• Add the number of protons and electrons

What is an isotope?

• Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

• Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons

• Atoms with the same number of electrons but different numbers of protons

• Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons

What is a cation?

• An atom with more neutrons than protons

• An atom with equal protons and electrons

• An atom with more protons than electrons

• An atom with more electrons than protons

How is the periodic table organized?

• By increasing number of neutrons

• By increasing number of electrons

• By increasing number of protons

• By increasing atomic mass

Why is the mass number of an element often not a whole number?

• It is a theoretical value

• It is rounded to the nearest whole number

• It includes the mass of electrons

• It represents the average mass of all isotopes

What are the two primary stable isotopes of carbon?

• Carbon-14 and Carbon-15

• Carbon-11 and Carbon-12

• Carbon-12 and Carbon-13

• Carbon-13 and Carbon-14

How many neutrons does Carbon-13 have?

• 7

• 6

• 5

• 8

What is the average atomic mass of carbon?

• 12.011

• 12.000

• 14.000

• 13.000