Atomic Structure and Isotopes in Sodium and Beyond

This video tutorial explains how to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms and ions, using sodium and aluminum as examples. It covers the concepts of atomic number, mass number, and isotopes, and provides formulas for determining the number of atomic particles. The tutorial includes a challenge problem involving a cation to reinforce the learning objectives.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

• The total number of electrons

• The average atomic mass

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus

• The number of protons in the nucleus

Which isotope of sodium is the most abundant on Earth?

• Sodium-24

• Sodium-23

• Sodium-22

• Sodium-25

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

• Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

• Add the atomic number to the mass number

• Subtract the charge from the atomic number

• Add the charge to the atomic number

For a neutral atom, how do the number of protons and electrons compare?

• There are more protons than electrons

• There are more electrons than protons

• The number of protons is double the number of electrons

• The number of protons and electrons are equal

In a cation with a positive charge, how does the number of electrons compare to protons?

• There are fewer electrons than protons

• There are more electrons than protons

• The number of electrons is double the number of protons

• The number of electrons and protons are equal

What is the atomic number of aluminum?

• 14

• 13

• 12

• 11

How many electrons are in a sulfide ion with a charge of -2?

• 19

• 18

• 17

• 16

What is the mass number of silicon-29?

• 14

• 28

• 29

• 30

If an element has 26 neutrons and 18 electrons with a +4 charge, what is its atomic number?

• 24

• 18

• 20

• 22

Which element corresponds to the atomic number 22?

• Zinc

• Copper

• Iron

• Titanium