Effective Nuclear Charge Explained Through Visuals and Key Concepts

The video explains the concept of effective nuclear charge, which is the net positive charge felt by an electron in an atom. It uses a helium atom to illustrate how electrons perceive nuclear charge, considering factors like distance and shielding. The video also discusses how effective nuclear charge varies across the periodic table, decreasing as atoms get larger and increasing as we move from left to right due to added protons.

What is the effective nuclear charge?

• The charge of the protons only

• The charge of the neutrons only

• The total charge of the nucleus

• The charge felt by an electron from the nucleus

How does distance affect the effective nuclear charge?

• It increases the charge felt by the electron

• It has no effect on the charge

• It decreases the charge felt by the electron

• It doubles the charge felt by the electron

What is shielding in the context of effective nuclear charge?

• When a neutron blocks an electron

• When a proton blocks an electron

• When an electron is blocked by a nucleus

• When an electron is blocked by another electron in a lower energy level

How does the size of an atom affect its effective nuclear charge?

• Larger atoms have a higher effective nuclear charge

• Larger atoms have a lower effective nuclear charge

• Size does not affect the effective nuclear charge

• Smaller atoms have a lower effective nuclear charge

What happens to the effective nuclear charge as you move up the periodic table?

• It decreases

• It increases

• It fluctuates randomly

• It remains the same

Why does the effective nuclear charge increase as you move up the periodic table?

• Electrons are further from the nucleus

• Atoms get larger

• Atoms get smaller, bringing electrons closer to the nucleus

• Protons decrease in number

What is the trend of effective nuclear charge as you move from left to right across a period?

• It decreases

• It remains constant

• It increases

• It fluctuates

Why does the effective nuclear charge increase across a period?

• The nucleus becomes less positive

• The nucleus becomes more positive while the atom size remains the same

• The atom size decreases

• The atom size increases

What happens to the distance between electrons and the nucleus as you move across a period?

• It decreases

• It increases

• It fluctuates

• It remains the same

How does adding protons to the nucleus affect the effective nuclear charge?

• It has no effect

• It neutralizes the charge

• It increases the effective nuclear charge

• It decreases the effective nuclear charge