The video explains the concept of ions, cations, and anions. It begins by discussing why atoms are neutral, using hydrogen and carbon as examples. The video then explains how atoms become ions, using sodium and fluorine to illustrate the process of losing and gaining electrons. It concludes with a discussion on cations and anions, providing a mnemonic to remember the difference between them.

Why is a hydrogen atom considered neutral?

• It has equal numbers of protons and electrons.

• It has more protons than electrons.

• It has more electrons than protons.

• It has no protons or electrons.

What happens to a sodium atom when it loses an electron?

• It remains unchanged.

• It becomes a positively charged ion.

• It becomes a negatively charged ion.

• It becomes a neutral atom.

What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing an electron?

• Negative 1

• Positive 1

• Zero

• Negative 11

How does a fluorine atom become negatively charged?

• By gaining a proton.

• By losing a proton.

• By losing an electron.

• By gaining an electron.

What is an ion in chemistry?

• A particle with only positive charge.

• A charged particle, either positive or negative.

• A neutral particle with no charge.

• A particle with only negative charge.

What is the net charge of a fluorine ion after gaining an electron?

• Positive 1

• Negative 1

• Zero

• Positive 9

What is a cation?

• A neutral atom.

• A negatively charged ion.

• A positively charged ion.

• An atom with more electrons than protons.

What is an anion?

• A positively charged ion.

• A neutral atom.

• An atom with more protons than electrons.

• A negatively charged ion.

Which mnemonic helps remember the difference between cations and anions?

• Cations have 2NN, anions have 1NN.

• Anions have 2NN, cations have 1NN.

• Anions are always positive.

• Cations are always negative.

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

• It loses its charge.

• It becomes a neutral atom.

• It becomes an anion.

• It becomes a cation.