Dr. Elinor Martin discusses the Earth's energy budget, which is the balance between incoming shortwave radiation from the sun and outgoing longwave radiation from Earth. This balance determines Earth's average temperature. Without an atmosphere, Earth would be too cold to support life. The atmosphere, with greenhouse gases, traps heat and maintains a livable temperature. However, increased greenhouse gases since the 1900s have raised Earth's temperature. The video also covers the impact of clouds, aerosols, and land use on the energy budget, emphasizing the importance of understanding these processes for climate change.

What is the primary factor that determines Earth's globally averaged temperature?

• The distance of Earth from the sun

• The presence of life on Earth

• The amount of water on Earth

• The balance of Earth's energy budget

How much of the incoming solar energy is reflected back into space by Earth's surface?

• 30%

• 70%

• 10%

• 50%

What would Earth's surface temperature be without an atmosphere?

• 100°F

• 58°F

• 0°F

• 32°F

Which gas in the atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation?

• Carbon dioxide

• Methane

• Ozone

• Water vapor

What is the effect of greenhouse gases on Earth's temperature?

• They stabilize Earth's temperature

• They increase Earth's temperature

• They have no effect on Earth's temperature

• They decrease Earth's temperature

What phenomenon is believed to have caused Venus to become the hottest planet in our solar system?

• Runaway greenhouse effect

• Lack of an atmosphere

• Proximity to the sun

• High volcanic activity

What percentage of Venus' atmosphere is carbon dioxide?

• 50%

• 75%

• 96.5%

• 100%

How do clouds affect the Earth's energy budget?

• They only warm the Earth

• They both cool and warm the Earth

• They only cool the Earth

• They have no effect

What role do aerosols play in Earth's energy budget?

• They only absorb energy

• They only reflect energy

• They have no role

• They reflect, scatter, and absorb energy

Why is understanding Earth's energy budget important?

• To calculate Earth's age

• To predict weather patterns

• To determine Earth's temperature

• To measure ocean currents