Bacterial Versus Human Cells: Key Differences and Functions

Dr. Mark explains the differences between bacterial and human cells, focusing on structures like the nucleus, DNA, cell membranes, and organelles. He highlights how these differences are exploited by antibiotics to target bacteria without harming human cells. The video covers the structure of ribosomes, methods of cell division, and the role of organelles in energy production, providing a foundation for understanding antibiotic mechanisms.

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

• Ability to produce ATP

• Presence of a true nucleus

• Type of ribosomes

• Presence of a cell wall

How is the DNA structured in human cells compared to bacterial cells?

• Both have linear DNA

• Both have circular DNA

• Human cells have circular DNA, bacteria have linear DNA

• Human cells have linear DNA, bacteria have circular DNA

What is a unique feature of bacterial cells that helps them maintain structure?

• Golgi apparatus

• Cell wall

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Mitochondria

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in human cells?

• Ribosome

• Cell wall

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

How do bacteria produce energy without mitochondria?

• Through their cell wall

• Through their ribosomes

• Using enzymes in their cell membrane

• By absorbing ATP from the environment

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

• To convert DNA into proteins

• To produce ATP

• To store genetic information

• To maintain cell structure

What is the difference in ribosome subunits between human and bacterial cells?

• Human cells have 80s, bacteria have 70s

• Both have 80s

• Human cells have 70s, bacteria have 80s

• Both have 70s

Which process do human cells use to divide?

• Binary fission

• Mitosis or meiosis

• Budding

• Conjugation

How do antibiotics exploit differences between human and bacterial cells?

• By increasing bacterial ATP production

• By converting bacterial DNA to RNA

• By targeting bacterial ribosomes

• By enhancing bacterial cell walls

What is the significance of the 's' in ribosome subunits like 60s and 40s?

• It stands for size

• It represents the number of proteins

• It denotes the type of RNA

• It indicates the speed of sedimentation