The Functions and Structure of the Skeletal System Explained

Dr. Mike introduces the skeletal system, highlighting its roles in protection, support, and storage. The skeleton is divided into the axial and appendicular parts, with 206 bones in total. Bones are categorized by shape: flat, long, irregular, short, and sesamoid. The microscopic anatomy includes cortical and trabecular bone structures. Bone formation involves various cell types: osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, each playing a role in building and maintaining bone tissue.

What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

• Protection, support, and storage

• Digestion, circulation, and respiration

• Hormone production, detoxification, and energy storage

• Vision, hearing, and taste

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton?

• Humerus, femur, and tibia

• Skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

• Hands, feet, and shoulder girdle

• Arms, legs, and pelvis

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

• 80

• 126

• 206

• 54

Which part of the skeleton includes the shoulder girdle and arms?

• Axial skeleton

• Appendicular skeleton

• Cranial skeleton

• Vertebral skeleton

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

• 54

• 206

• 80

• 126

What type of bone is the skull classified as?

• Flat bone

• Long bone

• Irregular bone

• Short bone

Which bones are considered long bones?

• Skull, sternum, and ribs

• Carpals and tarsals

• Humerus, femur, and tibia

• Vertebrae and pelvis

What is the function of sesamoid bones like the patella?

• They protect internal organs

• They have tendons embedded in them

• They store minerals

• They provide articulation surfaces

What is the main difference between cortical and trabecular bone?

• Trabecular bone contains more blood vessels than cortical bone

• Cortical bone is found in the skull, trabecular in the limbs

• Cortical bone has osteons, trabecular bone does not

• Trabecular bone is denser than cortical bone

Which cells are responsible for building bone?

• Osteocytes

• Osteoprogenitor cells

• Osteoclasts

• Osteoblasts