Mitochondria: The Powerhouses of Cellular Energy and Function

Mitochondria are vital cell organelles known as powerhouses because they convert energy into usable forms. They have a double membrane structure with inner folds called cristae, which increase surface area for reactions. Mitochondria produce ATP, the cell's primary energy source, through cellular respiration. They also play roles in cell division, growth, and death, and are semi-autonomous with their own DNA and ribosomes.

Where are mitochondria primarily located within a cell?

• In the nucleus

• In the ribosomes

• In the cytoplasm

• In the cell membrane

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

• To transport nutrients

• To convert energy into usable forms

• To produce proteins

• To store genetic information

What is the purpose of the cristae in mitochondria?

• To store DNA

• To increase surface area for reactions

• To protect the mitochondria

• To transport ATP

Which molecules can pass through the inner membrane of mitochondria?

• Glucose and oxygen

• Pyruvic acid and ATP

• Water and carbon dioxide

• Proteins and lipids

What is the primary energy source produced by mitochondria?

• Glucose

• NADH

• ATP

• FADH2

What additional roles do mitochondria play in cells?

• Lipid storage

• Cell division and growth

• Photosynthesis

• Protein synthesis

What makes mitochondria semi-autonomous?

• They can move freely within the cell

• They have their own cell membrane

• They can produce their own energy

• They have their own DNA and ribosomes