Political Ideologies and Social Change in 19th Century Europe

The video explores the emergence of new political ideologies in 19th century Europe, influenced by the Industrial and French Revolutions. It covers liberalism, emphasizing individual rights and limited government, with key figures like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Socialism is discussed in its utopian and scientific forms, highlighting thinkers like Karl Marx and the impact of the Communist Manifesto. Anarchism is also introduced, focusing on the rejection of governmental authority and the advocacy for voluntary cooperation, with notable proponents such as Mikhail Bakunin and Georges Sorel.

What major events contributed to the social and political upheaval in Europe during the 19th century?

• The American Civil War and the Renaissance

• The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution

• The Napoleonic Wars and the Reformation

Which philosopher is associated with the development of utilitarianism, a key concept in liberalism?

• Adam Smith

• John Locke

• Karl Marx

• Jeremy Bentham

What was the primary focus of classical liberalism during the 19th century?

• Expansion of colonial empires

• Collective ownership of property

• Religious reform and revival

• Individual rights and limited government

Which movement in England pushed for universal male suffrage in response to liberalism's limitations?

• The Labour Party

• The Fabian Society

• The Suffragette Movement

• The Chartist Movement

What is the main difference between utopian socialism and scientific socialism?

• Utopian socialism focuses on gradual reform, while scientific socialism advocates for revolution.

• Utopian socialism is based on scientific principles, while scientific socialism is idealistic.

• Utopian socialism supports capitalism, while scientific socialism opposes it.

• Utopian socialism is a political ideology, while scientific socialism is an economic theory.

Who is considered the father of scientific socialism?

• Karl Marx

• Robert Owen

• Henri de Saint-Simon

• Friedrich Engels

According to Marx and Engels, what is the driving force of history?

• Political revolutions

• Religious movements

• Class struggle over economic wealth

• Technological innovation

What ideology advocates for the abolition of all forms of governmental authority?

• Socialism

• Conservatism

• Liberalism

• Anarchism

Which Russian revolutionary is known for his advocacy of anarchism?

• Nikolai Bukharin

• Vladimir Lenin

• Mikhail Bakunin

• Leon Trotsky

What is the term for the transfer of property to labor unions, as advocated by Georges Sorel?

• Communism

• Syndicalism

• Capitalism

• Feudalism