DNA Replication Concepts and Processes

DNA replication is a crucial process occurring before cell division, ensuring each new cell receives an identical copy of DNA. It involves three main steps: unzipping the DNA helix by helicase, creating RNA primers by primase, and synthesizing new DNA strands by DNA polymerase. The process is semi-conservative, resulting in two DNA molecules, each with one original and one new strand. The video also suggests further resources for detailed learning.

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

• To copy DNA for cell division

• To create proteins

• To produce RNA

• To repair damaged DNA

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix?

• Ligase

• Helicase

• Primase

• DNA polymerase

What role do single-stranded binding proteins (SSB) play in DNA replication?

• They prevent DNA supercoiling

• They synthesize new DNA strands

• They remove RNA primers

• They keep the DNA strands separated

What is the function of primase during DNA replication?

• To unzip the DNA helix

• To synthesize RNA primers

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To prevent DNA supercoiling

In which direction does DNA polymerase III synthesize new DNA strands?

• 3' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

• Randomly

• Both directions

What are Okazaki fragments?

• Short RNA sequences on the leading strand

• Short DNA sequences on the lagging strand

• Short RNA sequences on the lagging strand

• Short DNA sequences on the leading strand

Why is the 3' to 5' strand called the leading strand?

• It is synthesized last

• It is synthesized first

• It is synthesized in fragments

• It is synthesized continuously

What enzyme removes RNA primers during DNA replication?

• Helicase

• Ligase

• RNase H

• DNA polymerase I

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

• To synthesize new DNA strands

• To unzip the DNA helix

• To remove RNA primers

• To join Okazaki fragments

What does it mean that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

• Each new DNA molecule has two old strands

• Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand

• Each new DNA molecule is identical to the original

• Each new DNA molecule has two new strands