Genetics and Probability Concepts

The video tutorial on the Penguin Prof channel covers fundamental genetics concepts, including alleles, homozygous and heterozygous conditions, and the role of probability in genetic inheritance. It explains genetic disorders like albinism and Huntington's disease, using Punnett squares to calculate probabilities. The tutorial also delves into unions and intersections in probability, advanced genetic probability concepts, and X-linked recessive traits, such as color blindness and hemophilia.

What does it mean if an individual is homozygous dominant for a trait?

• They have two different alleles for a gene.

• They have two recessive alleles for a gene.

• They have two dominant alleles for a gene.

• They have one dominant and one recessive allele for a gene.

What is the probability of two heterozygous parents having an albino child?

• 1 in 4

• 1 in 5

• 1 in 3

• 1 in 2

In a genetic cross, what does the term 'heterozygous' mean?

• Having two identical alleles for a trait

• Having two different alleles for a trait

• Having only one allele for a trait

• Having no alleles for a trait

What is the probability of flipping two coins and getting heads on both?

• 1/5

• 1/2

• 1/4

• 1/3

How do you calculate the probability of rolling a three or a four on a six-sided die?

• Multiply the probabilities of each outcome

• Add the probabilities of each outcome

• Divide the probabilities of each outcome

• Subtract the probabilities of each outcome

What is the probability of having an offspring that is homozygous recessive if both parents are heterozygous?

• 1/5

• 1/3

• 1/2

• 1/4

In a trihybrid cross, what is the probability of an offspring being homozygous dominant for a trait if one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous dominant?

• 1

• 1/3

• 1/2

• 1/4

What is a key difference between X-linked recessive traits and autosomal traits?

• X-linked traits are only inherited from the mother.

• X-linked traits are carried on the X chromosome and affect males and females differently.

• X-linked traits are carried on the Y chromosome.

• X-linked traits are only found in males.

If a mother is a carrier for color blindness and the father has normal vision, what is the probability of having a colorblind son?

• 1 in 5

• 1 in 3

• 1 in 2

• 1 in 4

Why can't males be carriers of X-linked recessive traits?

• Males have no X chromosomes.

• Males have only one X chromosome.

• Males have two Y chromosomes.

• Males have two X chromosomes.