Genetic Code and Protein Function

Dr. Mikey explains the process of how DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. The video covers the structure of DNA, the role of chromosomes, and the transcription process involving RNA polymerase. It also details how mRNA is processed and translated into proteins by ribosomes, with the help of tRNA. The video further explores how proteins fold based on amino acid properties and the impact of mutations on protein function.

What is the primary role of DNA in our cells?

• To act as a genetic blueprint

• To provide energy

• To digest food

• To transport oxygen

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 25 pairs

• 24 pairs

• 23 pairs

• 22 pairs

Which nucleotide is replaced by uracil in RNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

What is the purpose of mRNA splicing?

• To remove introns

• To add nucleotides

• To synthesize proteins

• To duplicate DNA

Where does the mRNA go after leaving the nucleus?

• To the Golgi apparatus

• To the mitochondria

• To the lysosome

• To the ribosome

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

• To replicate RNA

• To transport amino acids

• To break down proteins

• To synthesize DNA

How many amino acids are there in the genetic code?

• 24

• 28

• 20

• 16

What is the effect of a mutation in the DNA sequence?

• It has no effect on the protein

• It can change the protein's structure and function

• It only affects the cell's energy levels

• It always improves protein function

Which of the following can cause mutations in DNA?

• UV light

• Water

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

What happens if a protein folds incorrectly due to a mutation?

• It becomes more efficient

• It may not function properly

• It becomes a carbohydrate

• It turns into DNA