RNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial covers the role of RNA in transcription, emphasizing the central dogma of biology: DNA to RNA to protein. It explains protein synthesis during the cell cycle, highlighting the G1 and G2 phases. Key differences between RNA and DNA are discussed, including the presence of ribose and uracil in RNA. The function of mRNA in protein synthesis is detailed, along with the transcription process and its distinction from translation. The tutorial concludes with practice exercises for transcribing DNA to RNA.

What is the central dogma of biology?

• DNA to protein to RNA

• RNA to DNA to protein

• DNA to RNA to protein

• Protein to RNA to DNA

During which phases of the cell cycle does protein synthesis primarily occur?

• G0 phase and S phase

• G1 phase and G2 phase

• S phase and M phase

• M phase and G0 phase

Which sugar is found in RNA?

• Fructose

• Glucose

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

What is the main function of mRNA?

• To form the structure of ribosomes

• To carry genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes

• To transport amino acids

• To store genetic information

Which type of RNA is primarily involved in translation?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• snRNA

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

• Ligase

• Helicase

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

In RNA, which base pairs with adenine?

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

What is the main difference between transcription and translation?

• Transcription uses ribosomes, translation uses RNA polymerase

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, translation in the nucleus

• Transcription converts proteins to RNA, translation converts RNA to DNA

• Transcription involves RNA, translation involves proteins

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

• It unwinds DNA strands

• It synthesizes DNA

• It assembles a complementary RNA strand

• It transports RNA to ribosomes