Electropherogram Analysis Concepts

The video tutorial explains electropherograms, focusing on features like RFUs, gender identification through green peaks, and the role of dye colors in allele detection. It covers the use of size standards for calibration, identifying homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, understanding baseline noise, and the concept of stutters. The tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of how electropherograms are used in DNA analysis.

What do the numbers along the y-axis of an electropherogram represent?

• Peak height

• Relative fluorescent units

• DNA fragment length

• Allele frequency

How is a male's gender indicated on an electropherogram?

• A single red peak

• Two peaks: one x-allele and one y-allele

• A single tall green peak

• Multiple blue peaks

What is the purpose of using different colored dyes in electropherograms?

• To enhance the fluorescence

• To reduce baseline noise

• To increase the peak height

• To distinguish alleles of similar length

What do the extra tall red peaks on an electropherogram represent?

• Allele frequency

• Homozygous genotype

• Size standard

• Baseline noise

Why are red peaks disregarded during DNA profile analysis?

• They show the gender of the subject

• They are used for calibration and not for analysis

• They indicate a heterozygous genotype

• They represent baseline noise

What does a single peak at a locus indicate?

• Heterozygous genotype

• Baseline noise

• Stutter

• Homozygous genotype

Why are homozygous peaks generally taller than heterozygous peaks?

• They contain more genetic material

• They are amplified by different dyes

• They are closer to the baseline

• They are measured in RFUs

What do the numbers along the x-axis of an electropherogram represent?

• Allele frequency

• Peak height

• DNA fragment length

• Relative fluorescent units

What is the baseline in an electropherogram?

• The average peak height

• The size standard

• The zero RFU readout

• The threshold value

What are stutters in an electropherogram?

• Indicators of homozygous genotypes

• Small peaks representing alleles

• Baseline noise

• Echoes of larger peaks