Influence of Enlightenment Thinkers

The video discusses major political philosophers who influenced the US Constitution. It begins with the Enlightenment, highlighting its logical approach to governance. Thomas Hobbes is introduced with his views on strong rulers and social contracts. John Locke's concept of natural rights is explored, emphasizing life, liberty, and property. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas on freedom and governance are discussed, followed by Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers and checks and balances.

What was the main idea behind the Enlightenment's approach to government?

• Power comes from divine right.

• Government should be based on tradition.

• Logic and reason can be used to improve society.

• Monarchies are the most logical form of government.

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is necessary to prevent society from descending into chaos?

• A system of checks and balances

• A focus on individual freedoms

• A democratic government

• A strong ruler or Leviathan

What did John Locke believe were the natural rights of individuals?

• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Life, liberty, and property

• Freedom, equality, and fraternity

• Justice, peace, and prosperity

How did John Locke's ideas influence the American Declaration of Independence?

• By supporting absolute power for rulers

• By introducing the concept of natural rights

• By emphasizing the divine right of kings

• By advocating for a monarchy

What is Jean-Jacques Rousseau best known for in political philosophy?

• The idea of a strong ruler

• The separation of powers

• The divine right of kings

• The concept of the social contract

According to Rousseau, what is the main duty of the government?

• To ensure economic prosperity

• To uphold religious authority

• To preserve freedom through a social contract

• To maintain strict control over citizens

Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the phrase 'I think, therefore I am'?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• René Descartes

What was Montesquieu's major contribution to political thought?

• The advocacy for absolute monarchy

• The idea of a social contract

• The theory of separation of powers

• The concept of natural rights

Why did Montesquieu believe in the separation of powers?

• To simplify government operations

• To concentrate power in one branch

• To prevent any one person from having too much power

• To ensure the divine right of kings

Which philosopher's ideas were directly incorporated into the US Constitution's structure?

• Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes