Atomic Structure and Ions Concepts

The video tutorial explains how to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in ions using atomic and mass numbers. It covers the symbolism used in representing ions, the calculation of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number, and the concept of isotopes in nuclear chemistry. Additionally, it discusses how the electron configuration changes in ions, particularly in achieving noble gas configurations.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

• The number of protons in the nucleus

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus

• The mass of the atom

• The total number of electrons

Which element is defined by having 19 protons?

• Calcium

• Potassium

• Magnesium

• Sodium

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

• Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

• Multiply the atomic number by the mass number

• Divide the mass number by the atomic number

• Add the atomic number to the mass number

Which of the following is true about the mass number?

• It is the sum of neutrons and electrons

• It is the sum of protons and neutrons

• It is the number of protons only

• It is the sum of protons and electrons

What is an isotope?

• An atom with a different atomic number

• An atom with a different number of neutrons

• An atom with a different number of electrons

• An atom with a different number of protons

What does a mass number of 39 indicate for potassium?

• It has 39 protons

• It has 39 neutrons

• It has 39 electrons

• It has a total of 39 protons and neutrons

How does the charge of an ion affect its electron count?

• A positive charge means more electrons than protons

• A negative charge means fewer electrons than protons

• A positive charge means fewer electrons than protons

• The charge does not affect the electron count

If an ion has a charge of +1, what does this indicate about its electrons?

• It has gained one electron

• It has lost one proton

• It has lost one electron

• It has gained one proton

What happens to the electron configuration of ions?

• They always gain electrons to become stable

• They lose electrons to match the noble gas configuration

• They do not change their electron configuration

• They gain or lose electrons to match the noble gas configuration

What is the significance of the noble gas configuration in ions?

• It has no significance

• It makes the ion unstable

• It makes the ion reactive

• It makes the ion stable