Genetics Concepts and Terminology

This podcast on heredity covers the basics of DNA, including its structure and function as the genetic material of cells. It explains how DNA is organized into chromosomes, which carry genes responsible for inherited traits. The podcast also introduces Punnett squares as a tool for predicting genetic outcomes, discussing concepts like alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. The influence of dominant and recessive alleles on traits is also explored.

What is the primary function of DNA in a cell?

• To store and transmit genetic information

• To provide energy for cellular processes

• To facilitate cellular respiration

• To protect the cell from external damage

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

• A sugar molecule

• A phosphate group

• A lipid molecule

• A nitrogenous base

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 22 pairs

• 23 pairs

• 24 pairs

• 25 pairs

What is the term for a characteristic that is passed from parents to offspring?

• Phenotype

• Trait

• Mutation

• Adaptation

Which of the following traits is influenced by multiple genes?

• Widow's peak

• Freckles

• Eye color

• Tongue curling

What environmental factor can change the coat color of an Arctic fox?

• Humidity

• Predator presence

• Temperature

• Diet

What is an allele?

• A cellular organelle

• A protein molecule

• A version of a gene

• A type of chromosome

In a Punnett square, what does a capital letter represent?

• A dominant allele

• A heterozygous trait

• A homozygous trait

• A recessive allele

What is the probability of an offspring being homozygous recessive if both parents are heterozygous?

• 1 in 5

• 1 in 4

• 1 in 3

• 1 in 2

What term describes the observable traits of an organism?

• Allele

• Chromosome

• Phenotype

• Genotype